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In 1850, a 15 year getting on in years lackey from London arrived in Brand-new York Big apple with $10 in his pocket. He develop a position as “pan walloper” or dishwasher at an upscale restaurant and began a lifelong passion with great dining. From this dark origin, Fred Harvey would exchange the habit people West of the Mississippi dined, generate a marketing dupe that helped engender the mankind’s largest railroad, victor women in the toil weight, and erect an empire.
As Fred Harvey worked his path west, stopping in Different Orleans, St. Louis, and Kansas Metropolis, he acquired knowledge of the restaurant industry. When he wasn’t on the down waiting tables, he was asking questions of chefs and learning entire lot he under any circumstances could down every orientation of the industry. His aspiration was to own his own restaurant, and in that endeavor, he accepted a lucrative position as a traveling consignment agent on the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad. Traveling conditions were frightful in the late 1860’s and at 1870’s. Trains were dusty and brim-full of mice and flies. Sagacious travelers crowded their own piece of cake of fried chicken, agonizingly boiled eggs, cheese and perhaps a percentage of cake. When that ran not on, you were artificial to land the train and shoplift your chances on whatever was handy at the station all day crock pot recipes.
Along the way, anything was possible. At vanquish, a given could guess malodorous, distasteful coffee, brewed once a week. Spoiled bread was simple as ok as GI difficulty and illness from food, and the fear of being left behind in the mesial of nowhere made travelers feed-bag as fast as possible, scrambling to get retreat from on the train. Scam artists negotiated with railroad workers to bilk travelers. In the future reaching a sojourn, the conductor would assume reservations requiring a 50 cent deposit. When the train arrived at the position, the bread would be served scarcely as the conductor called, “All Aboard!” As the travelers ran subsidize, the restaurateur would survive the victuals abandon into pots on the next parade passengers and forgo the railroaders 10 cents per move as their take. These conditions and scams made discipline peregrinations chancy to complete’s constitution, and as he worked his modus vivendi = ‘lifestyle’ across the West, Harvey realized that there was a market in requital for uncontaminated restaurants serving commendable chow at reasonable prices along the line.
In 1875, he approached officials at the Burlington Railroad with his thought of chance restaurants at the cortege depots. Railroad officials had no consideration in supplying food and laughed him out of their office. But as he left-hand the office, story of the officials commented that he should chat up advances the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad, which was the most at a gallop expanding railroad in the West. Santa Fe liked the impression and a partnership was formed. Harvey opened the beforehand restaurant, The Harvey Line, in Topeka, Kansas in 1875. It was an actual success, not at best with travelers, but with adjoining residents as well. Within 9 years, there were 17 Harvey Houses along the Santa Fe carry, and the win initially restaurant “chain” was born.
Because of Harvey, his restaurants and the express expansion of the West, Santa Fe became the original voyager railroad, as travelers could be assured of chic meals in unmixed dining rooms. Harvey was a perspicacious negotiator. When he negotiated his assign covenant with Santa Fe, he obtained absolute rights to all restaurants along their line. Not only did he be relevant exclusivity, but the railroad supplied the erection and real estate, passage in the interest of Harvey employees, and immature laundry, all natural food recipes ice, meat, and prompt shipped in daily.
Harvey’s not question was his delay staff. The waiters were undependable, coming to task crapulent, picking fights, and destroying group property. No one civilized wanted to work out West. Where could he get decent, dependable help? Women.
In the 1890’s, the merely women in the West were either saloon girls or married women with families and farms. It was indubitably the Uncivilized, Move West, full of cowboys, gunslingers, scam artists and roughnecks. An gauche circumstances to be. So, Harvey did something truly revolutionary. He placed an ad in East Coast papers as a remedy for women 18 – 30 years of mature, winning, scholarly, and decent. Harvey offered area and quarter, cost-free attendants line, and wages of $17.50 per month. No trial necessary. Harvey wanted to edify them his way. But would they come?
They came like gangbusters. In the recent nineteenth century, opportunities for women were unusually limited. The only suitable positions were as teachers, servants, dressmakers, or works workers. Not merely was being a Harvey filly an possibility to make weighty dough, it was an possibility for adventure. But being a Harvey sheila was not easy.
The standards set away Harvey were rigid. Elementary, they were actuality a 6, 9, or 12 month undertake during which perpetually they were not allowed to marry. If they did, they would be financially penalized past half of their wages and bow to their travel privileges. The dormitories were hard, with a abode mother overseeing the girls and a curfew of 10 pm every night. If you hard up curfew 3 times, you were summarily fired and sent home. The training course of action was a grueling 30 days of learning strict cleanliness, grooming and table maintenance without pay. The training time was unaccommodating and stressful, but sundry women spoke of how the ordeal gave them self-assurance and poise.
They were trained in the Harvey way. Because of the teach outline, timing was incredibly important. When the retinue arrived in the place, the foremost course was already on the table. One girl came result of and took drink orders as another was pure behind her pouring. A procedure of coffee cup organization was the key to communication. As the opening practice was being cleared, a overseer would put one’s hands in with trays of biting entrees which would be served by the girls. Bounteous portions and seconds were the standard. And so was the timing. The trains only stopped for the benefit of 30 minutes and Harvey provided a sophisticated, delicious dining savoir faire on a schedule.
Cleanliness was also a clue to success. If they weren’t diligent, the girls were expected to be cleaning; their position, polishing greyish-white or insolence, folding napkins or dusting. In hatred of the dust and dirt of the West, Harvey Houses were known pro their innocent tidiness. This included the girls’ uniforms. They were expected to be well-groomed, gleaming and ironed. If they got obscene during a shift, they were expected to exchange uniforms immediately. Gum chewing was land on dismissal. Harvey himself would give rise to rock inspections and truly bring off a stainless glove test.
Harvey’s chefs were also the best. When Fred Harvey traveled, he would sample to decoy away the chef anytime he had a superb meal. He paid his people grandly and believed in the finest status ingredients. The chefs had the sage to create their own menus and pay handsomely benefit of supplies and produce. Not unequal to noteworthy restaurants today, Harvey Houses had the original choice and the in the most suitable way supply of provisions and unpolluted vegetables. Hence, they had the power to lend diners with earliest class meals.
Harvey was also a believer of promoting men and women from within. Myriad women started antiquated as a waitress, became pre-eminent waitress, and some unruffled became managers. Another way he emphasized appreciation and respectability was in the name he chose over the extent of his wait staff. His girls were not under any condition referred to as waitresses. Degree, they were known through and proud to be called Harvey Girls. Being a Harvey Bird meant coolness, bearing, and independence.
Fred Harvey invented the bond restaurant, but more importantly, he and his girls civilized the West. Not solely did they accord a usefulness to the travelers and the communities at the end of one’s tether with their restaurants and scant presence, they became the standard of comity and dining. Uncountable Harvey girls did lay one’s hands on marriage and adventure. Many had lifelong, fascinating careers in Harvey’s empire that would obtain been impossible defeat East. Some paid in compensation college and went on to become professionals in other careers. No concern what paths they set up themselves on, the Harvey Girls became the matriarchs of the Domain Name.
When Fred Harvey died in 1901, his empire included 15 hotels, 47 restaurants, and 30 railroad dining cars. At its tiptop, the Harvey Domicile restaurants were the most wealthy in the outback, with 100 locations, and provided the Santa Fe Railroad with the marketing tool and buttress to evolve into the largest commuter train band in the United States. During both World Wars, the Harvey Company was contributory in providing meals to the troops being moved across the country on trains. But the Wright brothers, the automobile, and the Great Depression led to the demise of the empire. Exquisite dining and civility in the West are legacies that Fred Harvey and his Girls bequeathed us all.